<?xml version='1.0'?>

<reference anchor='RFC1948'>

<front>
<title abbrev='Sequence Number Attacks'>Defending Against Sequence Number Attacks</title>
<author initials='S.' surname='Bellovin' fullname='Steven M. Bellovin'>
<organization>AT&amp;T Research</organization>
<address>
<postal>
<street>600 Mountain Avenue</street>
<city>Murray Hill</city>
<region>NJ</region>
<code>07974</code>
<country>US</country></postal>
<phone>+1 908 582 5886</phone>
<email>smb@research.att.com</email></address></author>
<date month='May' year='1996' />
<abstract>
<t>IP spoofing attacks based on sequence number spoofing have become a serious threat on the Internet (CERT Advisory CA-95:01).  While ubiquitous crypgraphic authentication is the right answer, we propose a simple modification to TCP implementations that should be a very substantial block to the current wave of attacks.</t></abstract></front>

<seriesInfo name='RFC' value='1948' />
</reference>
